[
  {
    "figure": "ChatGPT weekly users",
    "value": "~900M",
    "chapter": "overview",
    "source": "OpenAI",
    "source_url": "https://openai.com"
  },
  {
    "figure": "US private AI investment 2025",
    "value": "$285.9B",
    "chapter": "overview",
    "source": "Stanford HAI AI Index 2026",
    "source_url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2026-ai-index-report"
  },
  {
    "figure": "US share of AI compute",
    "value": "~81%",
    "chapter": "overview",
    "source": "Affärslivet AI Compute Index",
    "source_url": "https://xn--affrslivet-s5a.com/en/reports/ai-compute-index"
  },
  {
    "figure": "top GPQA Diamond score",
    "value": ">90%",
    "chapter": "overview",
    "source": "Epoch AI",
    "source_url": "https://epoch.ai/benchmarks"
  },
  {
    "figure": "jobs exposed to AI (IMF)",
    "value": "~40%",
    "chapter": "overview",
    "source": "IMF",
    "source_url": "https://www.imf.org"
  },
  {
    "figure": "AI incidents in 2025",
    "value": "362",
    "chapter": "overview",
    "source": "Stanford HAI AI Index 2026",
    "source_url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2026-ai-index-report"
  },
  {
    "figure": "data-centre power by 2030 (proj.)",
    "value": "945 TWh",
    "chapter": "overview",
    "source": "IEA",
    "source_url": "https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai"
  },
  {
    "figure": "US vs China AI investment",
    "value": "23×",
    "chapter": "overview",
    "source": "Stanford HAI AI Index 2026",
    "source_url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2026-ai-index-report"
  },
  {
    "figure": "top GPQA Diamond score (Grok 4), vs 69.7% human-expert baseline",
    "value": "87%",
    "chapter": "models",
    "source": "Epoch AI",
    "source_url": "https://epoch.ai/benchmarks/gpqa-diamond"
  },
  {
    "figure": "one-year gain on Humanity's Last Exam, a benchmark built to be hard for AI",
    "value": "+30 pts",
    "chapter": "models",
    "source": "Stanford HAI AI Index 2026",
    "source_url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2026-ai-index-report"
  },
  {
    "figure": "SWE-bench Verified performance in 2025, up from ~60% in 2024",
    "value": "≈100%",
    "chapter": "models",
    "source": "Stanford HAI AI Index 2026",
    "source_url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2026-ai-index-report"
  },
  {
    "figure": "lead of the top closed model over the top open model (Mar 2026), up from 0.5% in Aug 2024",
    "value": "3.3%",
    "chapter": "models",
    "source": "Stanford HAI AI Index 2026",
    "source_url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2026-ai-index-report"
  },
  {
    "figure": "Growth in frontier training compute, sustained since 2010",
    "value": "4–5×/yr",
    "chapter": "compute",
    "source": "Epoch AI, 2025",
    "source_url": "https://epoch.ai/publications/training-compute-of-frontier-ai-models-grows-by-4-5x-per-year"
  },
  {
    "figure": "US share of global GPU-cluster performance (China ~15%)",
    "value": "~75%",
    "chapter": "compute",
    "source": "Epoch AI, May 2025",
    "source_url": "https://epoch.ai/data-insights/ai-supercomputers-performance-share-by-country"
  },
  {
    "figure": "IT power at xAI Colossus 2 — ~1.11M H100-equivalents",
    "value": "946 MW",
    "chapter": "compute",
    "source": "Epoch AI Data Centers, 2026",
    "source_url": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/colossus-2"
  },
  {
    "figure": "Projected data-centre electricity demand by 2030 (from 415 TWh in 2024)",
    "value": "945 TWh",
    "chapter": "compute",
    "source": "IEA, Energy and AI, 2025",
    "source_url": "https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai/energy-demand-from-ai"
  },
  {
    "figure": "US private AI investment, 2025",
    "value": "$285.9B",
    "chapter": "investment",
    "source": "Stanford HAI, 2026 AI Index",
    "source_url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2026-ai-index-report/economy"
  },
  {
    "figure": "US-vs-China private AI investment gap ($285.9B vs $12.4B), 2025",
    "value": "~23x",
    "chapter": "investment",
    "source": "Stanford HAI, 2026 AI Index",
    "source_url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2026-ai-index-report/economy"
  },
  {
    "figure": "Projected AI boost to global GDP by 2030",
    "value": "$15.7T",
    "chapter": "investment",
    "source": "PwC, Sizing the Prize",
    "source_url": "https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prize-report.pdf"
  },
  {
    "figure": "Global AI market size, 2025",
    "value": "$390.9B",
    "chapter": "investment",
    "source": "Grand View Research",
    "source_url": "https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/artificial-intelligence-ai-market"
  },
  {
    "figure": "ChatGPT weekly active users (early 2026; ~800M confirmed Sept 2025)",
    "value": "~900M",
    "chapter": "adoption",
    "source": "OpenAI",
    "source_url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/02/27/chatgpt-reaches-900m-weekly-active-users"
  },
  {
    "figure": "of organizations use AI in at least one function (up from 78%)",
    "value": "88%",
    "chapter": "adoption",
    "source": "McKinsey, State of AI 2025",
    "source_url": "https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-state-of-ai"
  },
  {
    "figure": "of EU enterprises (10+ employees) use AI in 2025",
    "value": "20%",
    "chapter": "adoption",
    "source": "Eurostat, December 2025",
    "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20251211-2"
  },
  {
    "figure": "US population adoption of generative AI within three years",
    "value": "53%",
    "chapter": "adoption",
    "source": "Stanford HAI, AI Index 2026",
    "source_url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2026-ai-index-report"
  },
  {
    "figure": "of jobs exposed to AI globally (~60% in advanced economies)",
    "value": "~40%",
    "chapter": "jobs",
    "source": "IMF, 2024",
    "source_url": "https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2024/01/14/Gen-AI-Artificial-Intelligence-and-the-Future-of-Work-542379"
  },
  {
    "figure": "net new jobs by 2030 (170M created, 92M displaced)",
    "value": "+78M",
    "chapter": "jobs",
    "source": "WEF Future of Jobs Report 2025",
    "source_url": "https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2025/"
  },
  {
    "figure": "of measured AI use is augmentation, not automation",
    "value": "~57%",
    "chapter": "jobs",
    "source": "Anthropic Economic Index, 2025",
    "source_url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-anthropic-economic-index"
  },
  {
    "figure": "average productivity gain for customer-support agents (34% for novices)",
    "value": "+14%",
    "chapter": "jobs",
    "source": "Brynjolfsson, Li & Raymond, 2023",
    "source_url": "https://www.nber.org/papers/w31161"
  },
  {
    "figure": "Notable AI models, US vs China (2025)",
    "value": "59 vs 35",
    "chapter": "global-race",
    "source": "Stanford HAI AI Index 2026",
    "source_url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2026-ai-index-report"
  },
  {
    "figure": "US vs China share of global AI supercomputer performance (~75% vs ~15%)",
    "value": "~5x",
    "chapter": "global-race",
    "source": "Epoch AI",
    "source_url": "https://epoch.ai/data-insights/ai-supercomputers-performance-share-by-country"
  },
  {
    "figure": "US vs China private AI investment ($285.9bn vs $12.4bn, 2025)",
    "value": "23x",
    "chapter": "global-race",
    "source": "Stanford HAI AI Index 2026",
    "source_url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2026-ai-index-report"
  },
  {
    "figure": "Performance gap between top US and Chinese models (March 2026)",
    "value": "2.7%",
    "chapter": "global-race",
    "source": "Stanford HAI AI Index 2026",
    "source_url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2026-ai-index-report"
  },
  {
    "figure": "AI incidents reported in 2025, up 55% from 233 in 2024",
    "value": "362",
    "chapter": "safety",
    "source": "Stanford HAI AI Index 2026",
    "source_url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2026-ai-index-report/responsible-ai"
  },
  {
    "figure": "Maximum EU AI Act fine (or share of global annual turnover)",
    "value": "€35M / 7%",
    "chapter": "safety",
    "source": "EU Regulation 2024/1689, Art. 99",
    "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj"
  },
  {
    "figure": "Americans more concerned than excited about AI (37% in 2021)",
    "value": "50%",
    "chapter": "safety",
    "source": "Pew Research Center, June 2025",
    "source_url": "https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2025/09/17/how-americans-view-ai-and-its-impact-on-people-and-society/"
  },
  {
    "figure": "Data-centre electricity demand, 2024 to projected 2030",
    "value": "415 → 945 TWh",
    "chapter": "safety",
    "source": "IEA, Energy and AI (2025)",
    "source_url": "https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai/energy-demand-from-ai"
  },
  {
    "figure": "Projected global data-centre electricity demand, roughly double 2025's ~485 TWh (~3% of world electricity). IEA Base Case forecast.",
    "value": "~950 TWh by 2030",
    "chapter": "outlook",
    "source": "IEA, Energy and AI (2025)",
    "source_url": "https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai/energy-demand-from-ai"
  },
  {
    "figure": "Cost of the largest frontier training runs by 2027 if current trends hold; training compute growing ~4-5x/year. Epoch AI forecast.",
    "value": ">$1 billion",
    "chapter": "outlook",
    "source": "Epoch AI, training compute trends",
    "source_url": "https://epoch.ai/blog/how-much-does-it-cost-to-train-frontier-ai-models"
  },
  {
    "figure": "Estimated 2026 capex of the five largest Western hyperscalers, up ~77% from ~$410bn in 2025 — most of it AI infrastructure. Analyst estimate.",
    "value": "~$725 billion",
    "chapter": "outlook",
    "source": "Goldman Sachs / analyst estimates (2026)",
    "source_url": "https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/why-ai-companies-may-invest-more-than-500-billion-in-2026"
  },
  {
    "figure": "Fall in inference price for GPT-3.5-level performance, Nov 2022 to Oct 2024 ($20 to $0.07 per million tokens). Measured, not forecast.",
    "value": "280x cheaper",
    "chapter": "outlook",
    "source": "Stanford HAI, AI Index 2025",
    "source_url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2025-ai-index-report"
  }
]